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''Beyond Natural Selection'' is a 1991 book by Robert G. Wesson, published by MIT Press.〔Ranger-Moore, James. (1992). ''Beyond Natural Selection by Robert G. Wesson''. ''Contemporary Sociology''. Vol. 21, No. 2. pp. 220-221.〕〔("Beyond Natural Selection" ). MIT Press.〕 Wesson argues for the case of pluralism in biology. He suggests alternative mechanisms of evolution rarther than natural selection. Wesson argues that reductionism is inadequate and looks for chaos theory as an example of a different approach that is needed to explain evolution. The book provides unsolved problems that Wesson believed natural selection could not account for.〔Wettersten, John. (1994). ''Beyond Natural Selection by Robert Wesson''. Review of Metaphysics. Vol. 47, No. 3, pp. 645-647.〕 ==Reception== Paleontologist Joseph G. Carter in a critical review for the ''American Scientist'' wrote the book "includes innumerable oversimplifications and misrepresentations of both evolutionary theory and the paleontological record." Carter noted that the book was filled with errors such as Wesson's claim there is a lack of transitional fossils. Carter wrote that the "book approaches the scientific illiteracy" of the intelligent design text ''Of Pandas and People'', and concluded it was an "embarrassment to the editors of the MIT Press".〔Carter, Joseph G. (1992). ''Beyond Natural Selection by Robert Wesson''. ''American Scientist''. Vol. 80, No. 5. p. 493.〕 Ecologist Arthur M. Shapiro in a review for the ''The Quarterly Review of Biology'' negatively reviewed the book for misunderstanding evolutionary biology and poor scholarship. According to Shapiro he "found an average of just over one error... per page by checking pages of this book at random."〔Shapiro, Arthur M. (1993). ''Beyond Natural Selection: A Bradford Book by Robert Wesson''. ''The Quarterly Review of Biology''. Vol. 68, No. 2. p. 266.〕 Historian Peter J. Bowler compared the book to anti-Darwinian and creationist works. He criticized the book for utilizing straw man arguments and presenting no valid scientific alternative to natural selection. Bowler noted that it is "easy to criticize an established theory, much more difficult to come up with a workable alternative... Hand waving about the creative power of the organism makes a nice-sounding philosophical position but a poor scientific theory".〔Bowler, Peter J. (1994). ''Beyond Natural Selection (Paperback Edn) by Robert Wesson''. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Vol. 94B, No. 1. p. 98.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Beyond Natural Selection」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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